Which specialty would most likely treat a child with asthma?

Pulmonology is the correct choice for treating a child with asthma because this medical specialty focuses specifically on diseases and conditions affecting the respiratory system, including the lungs and airways. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by difficulty in breathing due to inflammation and narrowing of the airways, making pulmonologists, who are experts in this area, the most qualified to manage and treat such conditions effectively.

The other specialties listed do not focus on respiratory issues. Oncology deals with cancer treatments, rheumatology concentrates on autoimmune diseases and disorders affecting the musculoskeletal system, and neonatology focuses on the care of newborns, particularly those who are ill or premature. Therefore, none of these specialties are directly relevant for the treatment of asthma in children.